Recent Contributions to Physics

Traveling wave solutions of the two-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation

А.М. Syzdykova — 2025-12-20

In this work, new traveling wave solutions of one of the nonlinear evolution equations the two-dimensional extended Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation – are investigated. Nonlinear physical phenomena play a crucial role in science and its various applications, including optical fibers, astrophysics, and the physics of differential equations, enabling the modeling of such processes. The Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation, originally formulated in a nonlocal form, is also studied as a system of differential equations. Such equations are important in various fields of science, such as plasma physics, hydrodynamics and quantum field theory. The use of nonlinear methods is especially effective in finding solutions that cannot be obtained by standard symmetry-based approaches. The results obtained in this paper can be used to model nonlinear dispersive waves and describe complex dynamical systems, contributing to a deeper understanding of the theory of two-dimensional equations. The paper presents sine and cosine solutions of the two-dimensional Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation and visualizes them through software-generated plots. The results can be effectively applied in modeling nonlinear dispersive waves and complex dynamic systems. This work contributes to a deeper understanding of the dynamics of two-dimensional nonlinear systems.

Analytical Solution of the Time-Fractional Schrödinger Equation via Decomposition Methods and Series Expansions

Montasir Salman Tayfor — 2025-12-20

Understanding quantum systems with intrinsic memory and spatial nonlocality requires mathematical models beyond the limits of classical calculus. In this work, the one-dimensional time-fractional Schrödinger equation is examined through a hybrid analytical framework combining the Aboodh transform with the Adomian Decomposition Method. This formulation enables the reconstruction of the wave function as a rapidly convergent analytical series. The fractional order (α) appears as a physically significant quantity that influences both the energy spectrum and the temporal evolution of quantum states. The theoretical outcomes are compared with optical band-gap variations observed experimentally in ZnO and Al-doped ZnO nanostructures, demonstrating that the fractional model provides a coherent correspondence between theory and measurable quantum behavior. Furthermore, the proposed approach exhibits superior stability and reduced computational effort compared with traditional Laplace and Fourier schemes, making it adaptable to a wide range of fractional quantum models..

The use of project-based learning methods in physics

A.G. Murzagalieva — 2025-12-20

This article examines the effectiveness of project-based learning in a high school physics course using the example of studying the interference of mechanical waves. The research work was conducted with the aim of modernizing the content of physics teaching in the era of digital transformation, basing the learning process on scientific and practical activities, and developing students' research skills. Project-based learning in physics increases students' research activity and allows them to connect their theoretical knowledge with practical experience. The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological foundations of the project approach and identifies its advantages in mastering scientific knowledge.

During the study, students a small project studying the interference of mechanical waves. The project stages included proposing a hypothesis, creating an experimental setup, observing, collecting data, and analyzing the results. The experimental results showed that changes in wave frequency and amplitude affect the structure of the interference pattern. The obtained data were matched with theoretical models and confirmed the correctness of physical laws.

The project results showed that the project-based learning method significantly develops students' research, analytical and communicative competencies. According to the survey results, the majority of students noted that project work increased their interest in the subject, cognitive activity and ability to work together. The study proves that project-based learning is an effective pedagogical model for teaching physics in the context of digital transformation and the importance of introducing it into the updated content of general education.

Physics and metaphysics of nuclear particles and antiparticles

G. Yar-Mukhamedova — 2025-12-20

The paper describes a hypothetical model of the interaction of particles and antiparticles using the example of a positron and an electron by assuming a change in their state of physical without involving theoretical calculations, which most often represent fitting data to the desired results. Since these two particles belong to the class of leptons, both weak and electromagnetic interactions are possible between them. Weak interactions by the nature of the manifestation are short-range, and electromagnetic interactions are long-range. In a solid between differently charged particles, both of these interactions can exist simultaneously to ensure their mutual attraction. But the nature and mechanism of these interactions has still not been clarified to the end. In this regard, a hypothetical model of the honeycomb structure of the positron and electron is woven from even smaller - femto- or actor-sized particles in the form of «positronites» and «electronities» that perceive radiation from the opposite side by changing their state of aggregation. Subsequently, this model develops into a model of the capture of positrons by defects in the crystal structure of solids.

A brief analysis of project-based learning in STEM for developing engineering competencies of undergraduate students

R.N. Syzdykova — 2025-12-20

Project-based learning has become a key pedagogical approach in STEM education, particularly in preparing engineering students to tackle complex, real-world problems. This review presents a brief analysis of recent international studies published between 2019 and 2026 on the implementation of project-based learning in STEM higher education. The selected literature is examined in terms of research methodology, instructional design, and educational outcomes. The analysis reveals that most empirical studies employ mixed methods or quasi-experimental designs and consistently demonstrate positive impacts of project-based learning on students' engineering competencies, problem-solving skills, motivation, and interdisciplinary thinking. Particular challenges include assessing learning outcomes, integrating interdisciplinary content, and using digital and laboratory-based learning environments. By systematizing key findings and identifying prevailing research trends, this review highlights the need for greater terminological consistency and methodological alignment in future research. The results can serve as a basis for curriculum development and promote the effective integration of project-based learning strategies in engineering and STEM education.

Method for preparing a complex metal-oxide/silicon photocathode integrated with lanthanide upconversion nanoparticles at the interface

К. — 2025-12-20

This study presents the fabrication of an integrated silicon photocathode based on a metal-oxide/silicon heterostructure. A SnO₂ thin film was deposited on the front surface of a p-n⁺-Si substrate via magnetron sputtering to enable UV photon absorption and corrosion protection. Lanthanide up-conversion nanoparticles (Ln-UCNPs, NaYF₄:Er³⁺@PbS) were integrated at the rear interface using spin-coating to convert near-infrared (NIR, 1550 nm) photons into visible light, achieving broad-spectrum absorption. SEM analysis confirmed the granular morphology of the SnO₂ layer (~140 nm thick) and the p-n⁺ junction depth (~0.6 µm). Current-voltage (I-V) measurements revealed enhanced tunneling charge transport and a Schottky barrier. Spectral response analysis demonstrated improved photosensitivity across 400–1100 nm, peaking at 870–900 nm. Photoelectrochemical (PEC) tests showed that Ln-UCNPs integration increased photocurrent density by ~5 times, significantly enhancing water splitting efficiency. This integrated structure offers a promising approach to improving the stability and spectral efficiency of Si-based photoelectrodes.

An Analytical Evaluation of Semiconductor Resistance Changes in Weak Magnetic Fields

Adem Akkus — 2025-12-20

Variations in electrical resistance under the influence of magnetic fields play a crucial role in numerous technological applications, including hard disk drives and microcircuit sensors. In this study, the change in the electrical resistance of a semiconductor exposed to a weak magnetic field is examined within a generalized theoretical framework. The analysis is carried out by formulating the system using single-parameter Fermi–Dirac distribution functions. For all calculations, an analytical expression for these functions, proposed by one of the authors, is employed. A comparison between the analytical results and those obtained through numerical methods demonstrates a high degree of agreement, confirming the reliability and accuracy of the proposed formulation. The analytically derived results are presented in tabular form to enhance clarity and facilitate direct comparison.

Imaging internal structures in lithium-ion and sodium-ion batteries by neutron and x-ray tomography

M. Yerdauletov — 2025-12-20

This paper presents the application of combined non-destructive diagnostic methods—neutron and X-ray tomography, conducted using the TITAN neutron radiography and tomography facility at the WWR-K reactor, as well as the IMAX X-ray tomography facility, to visualize the internal structure of 2032 and 18650 battery cells provided by the Research, Design, and Technology Center for Electrochemical Engineering at Dubna State University. The obtained X-ray and neutron tomography data revealed inhomogeneities in the distribution of the base materials, as well as areas of low and high radiation attenuation, gaps, and voids at the boundaries between the electrodes and the battery case. The analysis results demonstrate the high efficiency of X-ray and neutron tomography for quality assessment during the manufacture of such batteries. The conducted test demonstration experiments allow for the development of methods for the combined application of these methods and provide a basis for their further use in the research and development of new battery systems.