Influence of ionizing and non-ionizing energy losses on the radiation resistance of perovskite solar cells

Abstract

Radiation resistance of solar cells is a critically important parameter for operation in space and radiation-intensive environments. This work examines the main mechanisms of energy transfer by charged particles in solar-cell materials: ionizing energy loss (IEL) and non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL). Particular attention is given to halide perovskite solar cells due to their ionically soft crystal lattice and thin absorbing layer. It is shown that ionization effects in perovskites are, in most cases, reversible and associated with the formation of metastable charge traps. In contrast, non-ionizing losses lead to the formation of stable lattice defects and irreversible degradation of photovoltaic parameters. The conducted analysis highlights the key role of NIEL-induced damage in the long-term radiation degradation of perovskite solar cells. The interaction of electrons, protons, and heavy ions with the active layer of perovskite structures is also considered. It is noted that the high defect tolerance of perovskites partially compensates for radiation effects through self-healing processes and ion migration. The obtained results demonstrate the promise of perovskite solar cells for space energy applications, provided that their stability is further improved and the material composition is optimized.