Плазменные методы повышения эффективности использования твердых топлив
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/RCPh.2020.v75.i4.08Ключевые слова:
плазменная технология, плазменное зажигание, сжигание энергетических углей, методы плазменно-топливных системАннотация
После нефти уголь вносит наибольший вклад в мировой баланс производства первичных энергетических ресурсов. Так, со времен первого нефтяного кризиса мировое потребление угля увеличилось на 45%, и достигло доли в 22% в общем производстве первичных энергоресурсов (ОПЭР). Уголь более всего используется при производстве электроэнергии: около 40% производимой в мире электроэнергии вырабатывается путем сжигания угля. В статье рассмотрена одна из перспективных технологий – плазменное зажигание и сжигание энергетических углей, применение которой позволяет заменять дорогую нефть дешевым углем на всех тепловых электростанциях. Плазменная технология пуска безмасляных котлов и стабилизации пламени угольной пыли апробирована на ТЭЦ Российской Федерации, Республики Казахстана, Украины, Китая, Монголии, Кореи, Словакии и Сербии. В статье обоснована необходимость развития новых технологий утилизации топлива. Описаны теоретические и экспериментальные методы исследования воспламенения угольной плазмы, термохимической подготовки, сжигания и газификации. В стаьтье обсуждаются методы расчета плазменно-топливных систем. Приведены основные принципы функционирования плазменно-топливных систем и рассмотерны вопросы обеспечения эко-экономических преимуществ по сравнению с традиционными технологиями использования топлива.
Библиографические ссылки
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31 H. Gao, E. Chui, A. Runstedler, H.Tang Numerical investigation of plasma ignition process in a utility boiler //Proc. of 6th Intern. Workshop and Exibition on Plasma Assisted Combustion (IWEPAC), Heilbronn, Germany, 13-15 September, pp. 69 (2010).
32 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, A.B. Ustimenko Plasma-aided solid fuel combustion, Proce. of the Combustion Institute, Elsevier, 31, (II), 3353-3360 (2007).
33 V.E. Messerle, E.I. Karpenko, A.B. Ustimenko Plasma Supported Coal Ignition and Combustion, Programme and abstracts for the Intern. Conf. on Coal Science and Technology (ICCS&T 2011), Oviedo-Spain 9-13 October, 33-34 (2011).
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38 WCI, Coal Power for Progress, World Coal Institute, London, (2000).
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44 V.E. Messerle, et al, Thermal Engineering, 51 (6), 488-493 (2004). (in Russ).
2 British Petrol Statistical Review of World Energy, British Petrol, London, June 2011.
3 Key World Energy Statistics 2011 Edition, International Energy Agency, (OECD/IEA, Paris, 2011).
4 K. Cletcins, World power policy. Using a technology of a three-stage combustion for NOx suppression on solid fuel boilers in Europe and CIS, Opening Rep. Europ. Commission for Power Engineering and Transport, (Moscow: Russian J.S.Co. “United Power System of Russia”. All-Russian Technical Institute, 2000), pp. 4-17.
5 WCI 2000, Good News from Coal, World Coal Institute, London, (2000).
6 R.W. Bilger, The Future for Energy from Combustion of Fossil Fuels, Proc. of the 5th International Conference on Technologies and Combustion for a Clean Environment, ‘Clean Air’, 1999, Lisbon, Portugal, p. 617 (1999).
7 A.P. Burdukov, Problems of coal heat-and-power engineering, Proc. of II International Symposium on Combustion and plasmochemistry, 40-47 (2003). (in Russ).
8 M.G. Drouet, Revue generale d'electricite, 1, 51-56 (1986).
9 B.G. Diachkov, et al, Intensification of flame processes by electric discharge, (Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1976), 87 p. (in Russ).
10 B.G. Diachkov, V.A. Blinova, and M.G. Nefedova, Efficiency of fuel-electrical processes, (Moscow, Energoatomizdat, 1989), 136 p. (in Russ).
11 N.A. Seulin and Yu.V. Vidin, Pulverised coal start up burners with electrical fuse device of resistor type, Proc. of All USSR conference on Heat exchange in steam generators, Novosibirsk, 187-190 (1988). (in Russ).
12 N.A. Seulin, et al, Electrical stations, 10, 21-22 (1986). (in Russ).
13 P.R. Blackburn, Energy, 4 (3), 98-99 (1980).
14 P.R. Blackburn Pulverized coal heated igniter system, Pat. №1585943 (B), 3 (1982).
15 P.L. Cioffi, A.A. Barsin, and O.R. Tattoli, Plasma arc ignition of pulverized coal, (Winter Meeting ASME, Washington, Nowember 15020, 1981), pp.5-9.
16 W.H. Tuppeny, Effect of changing coal supply and steam generator design, Proc. American Power Conference, 40, 367-380 (1978).
17 D. Duverger and I.L. Ashard, Revue energetigue (France), 37 (385), 574-592 (1986).
18 E.Kh. Verbovetski and V.R. Kotler, Energy management abroad, 4, 1-8 (1984). (in Russ).
19 E.I. Karpenko, Yu.E. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, A.B. Ustimenko, Thermal Engineering, 56 (6), 456-461 (2009).
20 Z.B. Sakipov, V.E. Messerle, and Sh.Sh. Ibraev, Electrothermochemical preparation of coal to burning, (Almaty, Gilim, 1993), 259 p. (in Russ).
21 R.A. Kalinenko, et al, Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing, 13 (1), 141-167 (1993).
22 M.F. Zhukov, E.I. Karpenko, et al, Plasma oil-free start up of boilers and pulverised coal flame combustion stabilization, Ed. V.E. Messerle and V.S. Peregudov, (Novosibirsk, Siberian enterprise RAS «Nauka», 1995), 304 p. (in Russ).
23 E.I. Karpenko, et al, Plasma-power processes and devices in nature conservation tasks solution, (Ulan-Ude, BSC SB RAS, 1992), 114 p. (in Russ).
24 E.I. Karpenko, et al, Scientific and technical basis and experience of exploitation of plasma systems for coal ignition at TPP (oil-free start up of the boilers and pulverized coal flame stabilization), (Novosibirsk, Nauka. Siberian enterprise RAS, 1998), 137 p. (in Russ).
25 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, Introduction in plasma-power technologies of solid fuels utilization, (Novosibirsk, Nauka. Siberian enterprise RAS, 1997), 118 p. (in Russ).
26 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, Plasma-power technologies of solid fuels utilization. // Encyclopedia of low temperature plasma, Ed. Academician of RAS V.E. Fortov, (Moscow, Nauka, 2000), Vol.4, 359-370. (in Russ).
27 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, Plasma-power technologies of fuel use. V.1. Concept and design-theoretical researches of plasma-power technologies, (Novosibirsk: Nauka. Siberian enterprise RAS, 1998), 385 p. (in Russ). (in Russ).
28 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, N.M. Zhuravel, V.N. Churashev Eco-economic efficiency of plasma technologies of solid fuel processing, (Novosibirsk, Nauka. Siberian enterprise RAS, 2000), 159 p. (in Russ).
29 G.Yu. Dautov, A.N. Timoshevski et al, Generation of low temperature plasma and plasma technologies: Problems and perspectives (Plasma-power technologies for improvement of ecological and economical indexes of dust coal incineration and gasification, pp.341-366). Low-temperature plasma, Vol. 20, (Novosibirsk, Nauka, 2004), 464 p. (in Russ).
30 Yantai electromechanical company “Lunian” Ltd, Plasma Technology of Ignition and Combustion Stabilization at Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers, Electrical stations, 2 (2008). (in Russ).
31 H. Gao, E. Chui, A. Runstedler, H.Tang Numerical investigation of plasma ignition process in a utility boiler //Proc. of 6th Intern. Workshop and Exibition on Plasma Assisted Combustion (IWEPAC), Heilbronn, Germany, 13-15 September, pp. 69 (2010).
32 E.I. Karpenko, V.E. Messerle, A.B. Ustimenko Plasma-aided solid fuel combustion, Proce. of the Combustion Institute, Elsevier, 31, (II), 3353-3360 (2007).
33 V.E. Messerle, E.I. Karpenko, A.B. Ustimenko Plasma Supported Coal Ignition and Combustion, Programme and abstracts for the Intern. Conf. on Coal Science and Technology (ICCS&T 2011), Oviedo-Spain 9-13 October, 33-34 (2011).
34 V.I. Kazantsev, et al, Thermal Engineering, 49 (12), 1006-1011 (2002). (in Russ).
35 O.V. Britvin About arrangements of fuel politics perfection in power engineering on perspective period, Report at STU of RJC “UES Russia” and Scientific Council of RAS 28.03.2000, 27 p. (in Russ).
36 V.E. Messerle, et al, High Energy Chemistry, 19 (1), 160-162 (1985). (in Russ).
37 M. Keay, The View from Europe – and elsewhere, World Coal Institute, (London, Oxford Energy Forum, Issue 52, February 2003).
38 WCI, Coal Power for Progress, World Coal Institute, London, (2000).
39 A.V. Messerle, High Energy Chemistry, 38 (1), 35-40 (2004). (in Russ).
40 A.V. Messerle, Combustion and plasmachemistry, 1, 42–49 (2003). (in Russ).
41 Z. Jankoski, et al, Thermophysics and Aeromechanics, 11 (3), 461-474 (2004). (in Russ).
42 G.A. Kamalova, et al, Thermoph. and Aeromechanics, 15 (1), 139-151 (2008). (in Russ).
43 V.E. Messerle, et al, Thermoph. and Aeromechanics, 17 (3), 435-444 (2010). (in Russ).
44 V.E. Messerle, et al, Thermal Engineering, 51 (6), 488-493 (2004). (in Russ).
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Опубликован
2020-12-18
Выпуск
Раздел
Теплофизика и теоретическая теплотехника
