IDENTIFICATION OF YOUNG STAR OBJECTS NEAR DUST BUBBLE N10
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.26577/RCPh.2022.v83.i4.02Keywords:
N10 bubble, infrared radiation, young stellar objects, interstellar medium, astronomical catalogs, WISE, 2MASS.Abstract
Over the past decade, the most important observations of the interstellar medium have been made in the infrared and radio regions of electromagnetic radiation. Of particular interest were GLIMPSE (Galactic Legacy Infrared Midplane Survey Extraordinaire), MIPSGAL and WISE (Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer) surveys of several areas of star formation. Distinctive features of the infrared view of the Galactic disk at wavelengths from 3.4 μm to 22 μm include regions of ionized hydrogen HII, infrared bubbles, young stellar objects, massive star formation, infrared dark clouds, diffuse dust, include hydrocarbons and radiation from millions of stars.
Based on current literature, infrared signatures in hot regions around young massive stars have been identified as dust bubbles, so in this paper, the regions around bubble N10, one of the northern infrared bubbles included in Churchwell's catalog, were investigated. Using archival data from the WISE and 2MASS catalogs, we searched for candidates for young stellar objects around the N10 dust bubble and found 117 emission objects. Koenig et al. (2014) plotted diagrams of their color indices and energy distribution in the spectrum for each studied object under different classification conditions. According to the results of studies around the infrared dust bubble N10, objects at an early stage of evolution were discovered: 13 objects are young class I stars and 13 objects are young class II stars, 3 objects are classified as transitional disks.
References
2. https://www.computerra.ru/183178/bubblierhelp
3. Churchwell E., Povich M. S., Allen D., Taylor M. G., Meade M. R., Babler B. L., … Wolff M. J. (2006) The Bubbling Galactic Disk, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol.649 (2). P. 759-778. DOI:10.1086/507015 (in Eng.).
4. Wright E. L., Eisenhardt P. R. M., Mainzer A. K., … Chao-Wei Tsai. (2010) The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE): mission description and initial on-orbit performance, The Astronomical Journal. Vol.140. P. 1868-1881. DOI:10.1088/0004-6256/140/6/1868.
5. Rathborne J. M., Jackson J. M., & Simon R. (2006) Infrared Dark Clouds: Precursors to Star Clusters, The Astronomical Journal. Vol.641. P. 389-405.
6. https://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=II/246&-out.max=50&-out.form=HTML%20Table&-out.add=_r&-out.add=_RAJ,_DEJ&-sort=_r&-oc.form=sexa.
7. Beaumont C. N. & Williams J. P. (2010) Molecular Rings Around Interstellar Bubbles and the Thickness of Star-Forming Clouds, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol.709 (2). P. 791-800. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/709/2/791 (in Eng.).
8. Pandian J. D., Momjian E. and Goldsmith P. F. (2008) Resolving distance ambiguities towards 6.7 GHz methanol masers, Astronomy and Astrophysics. Vol.486. P. 191-208. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361:200809799 (in Eng.).
9. Watson C., Povich M. S., Churchwell E. B, … Withney B. A. (2008) Infrared Dust Bubbles: Probing the Detailed Structure and Young Massive Stellar Populations of Galactic H II Regions, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol.681. P. 1341-135.
10. Ma Y., Zhou J., Esimbek J. et al. (2013) A detailed study of the high-mass clump interacting with the bubble N10, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Vol. 345. P. 297. DOI 10.1007/s.
11. Gama D. R. G. , Lepine J. R. D., Mendoza E., Wu Y., and Yuan J. (2016) CO observations and investigation of triggered star formation towards N10 infrared bubble and surroundings, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol. 830 (2). P. 57. Doi:10.3847/0004-637X/830/2/57.
12. Helfand D. J., Becker R. H., White R. L., Fallon A., & Tuttle S. (2006) MAGPIS: A multi-array galactic plane imaging survey, The Astronomical Journal. Vol. 131. P. 2525
13. Das S.R., Tej A., Vig S., Ghosh S.K. & Ishwara Chandra C.H. (2016) High-mass star formation toward southern infrared bubble S10, The Astronomical Journal. Vol.152 (5). P. 16. DOI: 10.3847/0004-6256/152/5/152 (in Eng.).
14. Sherman R. (2012) Investigation of Molecular Cloud Structure around Infrared Bubbles: CARMA Observations of N14, N22, and N74, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol.760 (1). P. 15. DOI: 10.1088/0004-637X/760/1/58 (in Eng.).
15. Rebull L. M., Padgett D. L., McCabe C. E., … Wolf S. (2010) The taurus spitzer survey: New candidate taurus members selected using sensitive mid-infrared photometry, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Vol.186 (2). P. 259-307. DOI:10.1088/0067-0049/186/2/259.
16. Andrews S. M., Wilner D. J., Espaillat C., … Brown J. M. (2011) Resolved images of large cavities in protoplanetary transition disks, The Astronomical Journal. Vol.732. P. 42. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/732/1/42.
17. Cieza L. A., Schreiber M. R., Romero G. A., … Merin B. (2012) The nature of transition circumstellar disks. III. Perseus, Taurus, and Auriga, The Astronomical Journal. Vol.750. P. 157. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/750/2/157.
18. Alksnis A., Balklavs A., Dzervitis U., … Pundure I. (2001) A general catalogue of galactic carbon stars by C.B. Stephenson. Third edition, VizieR Online Data Catalog. Vol.3227, 0. https://doi.org/10.1515/astro-2001-1-202.
19. Sjouwerman L. O., van Langevelde H. J., Winnberg A., & Habing H. J. (1998) A new sample of OH/IR stars in the Galactic center, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. Vol.128. P. 35-65. https://doi.org/10.1051/aas:1998127.
20. Lindqvist M., Winnberg A., Habing H. J., & Matthews H. E. (1992) OH/IR stars close to the Galactic Centre. I-Observational data, Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. Vol.92. P. 43-62.
21. Mathew B., Subramaniam A., & Bhatt B. C. (2008) Be phenomenon in open clusters: results from a survey of emission-line stars in young open clusters, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Vol.388. P. 1879-1888. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2008.13533.х.
22. Dominik C., & Decin G. (2003) Age Dependence of the Vega Phenomenon: Theory, The Astrophysical Journal. Vol.598. P. 626-635.
23. Skrutskie M. F., Cutri R. M., Stiening R., … Wheelock S. (2006) The Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), The Astronomical Journal. Vol.131. P. 1163-1183.
24. Gutermuth R. A., Megeath S. T., Myers P. C., … Fazio G. G. (2009) A spitzer survey of young stellar clusters within one kiloparsec of the sun: cluster core extraction and basic structural analysis, The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. Vol.184. P. 18-83. DOI:10.1088/0067-0049/184/1/18.
25. Koenig X. P. and Leisawitz D. T. (2014) A Classification Scheme for Young Stellar Objects Using the WIDE-FIELD INFRARED SURVEY EXPLORER AllWISE Catalog: Revealing Low-Density Star Formation in the Outer Galaxy. The Astrophysical Journal. Vol. 791:131. P. 27. DOI:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/131.
